1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula calculates the molarity of a solution after dilution. It is based on the principle that the number of moles of solute remains constant before and after dilution, expressed as \( M_f = \frac{M_i \times V_i}{V_f} \).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution formula:

Where:

• \( M_f \) — Final molarity (mol/L)
• \( M_i \) — Initial molarity (mol/L)
• \( V_i \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V_f \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: The formula maintains the conservation of moles principle, where the product of initial concentration and volume equals the product of final concentration and volume after dilution.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry laboratories for preparing solutions of desired concentrations, standardizing reagents, and conducting quantitative analyses.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter initial molarity in mol/L, initial and final volumes in liters. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the number of moles conserved during dilution?
A: Dilution only adds solvent, not solute, so the amount of solute (number of moles) remains unchanged.

Q2: Can I use different volume units?
A: Yes, as long as both volume measurements use the same units (mL, L, etc.), the calculation remains valid.

Q3: What if the final volume is less than initial volume?
A: This would represent concentration, not dilution. The formula still applies mathematically but may not represent a physical dilution process.

Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically exact. Accuracy depends on the precision of your measurements and the quality of your laboratory technique.

Q5: Can this formula be used for serial dilutions?
A: Yes, for serial dilutions, you would apply this formula sequentially for each dilution step.