1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula \( V_d = V_s \times \left( \frac{C_s}{C_d} - 1 \right) \) calculates the volume of diluent needed to achieve a desired concentration from a stock solution. This is a fundamental calculation in chemistry, biology, and medical laboratories.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( V_d \) — Diluent volume (mL)
• \( V_s \) — Solution volume (mL)
• \( C_s \) — Stock concentration (various units)
• \( C_d \) — Desired concentration (various units)

Explanation: The formula calculates how much diluent must be added to the stock solution to achieve the desired concentration while maintaining consistent units throughout.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential for preparing solutions with precise concentrations, ensuring experimental reproducibility, and maintaining consistency in laboratory procedures and medical treatments.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the stock solution volume in mL, stock concentration, and desired concentration. All values must be positive numbers, and the stock concentration must be greater than the desired concentration.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What units should I use for concentration?
A: You can use any consistent units (mg/mL, M, %, etc.) as long as both C_s and C_d use the same units.

Q2: Why must stock concentration be greater than desired concentration?
A: This calculator is for dilution only. For concentration, you would need evaporation or other methods, not dilution.

Q3: Can I use this for serial dilutions?
A: This calculates single-step dilutions. For serial dilutions, you would need to perform multiple calculations.

Q4: What if I get a negative result?
A: A negative result indicates that your desired concentration is higher than your stock concentration, which requires concentration rather than dilution.

Q5: How precise are these calculations?
A: The mathematical calculation is exact. Actual precision depends on the accuracy of your measurements and equipment.