1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula \( M_f = M_i \times \frac{V_i}{V_f} \) calculates the final molarity of a solution after dilution. It's based on the principle that the number of moles of solute remains constant during dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution formula:

Where:

• \( M_f \) — Final molarity (mol/L)
• \( M_i \) — Initial molarity (mol/L)
• \( V_i \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V_f \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: The formula maintains the conservation of moles principle, where the product of initial concentration and volume equals the product of final concentration and volume.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry laboratories for preparing solutions of specific concentrations, conducting experiments, and ensuring precise measurements in analytical procedures.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter initial molarity in mol/L, initial volume in liters, and final volume in liters. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What units should I use for volume?
A: The calculator uses liters (L) for volume units. Convert milliliters to liters by dividing by 1000 before entering values.

Q2: Can I use this for concentration units other than molarity?
A: Yes, the same formula applies to any concentration unit (molality, normality, percentage) as long as you maintain consistent units throughout.

Q3: What if my final volume is less than initial volume?
A: This would represent concentration rather than dilution. The formula still applies mathematically, but physically this would require evaporation or removal of solvent.

Q4: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically exact. Accuracy depends on the precision of your measurements and the assumption that no chemical reactions occur during dilution.

Q5: Can I calculate initial values from final values?
A: Yes, the formula can be rearranged to solve for any variable: \( M_i = M_f \times \frac{V_f}{V_i} \) or \( V_i = M_f \times \frac{V_f}{M_i} \)