1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The general dilution formula calculates the final concentration of a solution after dilution. It's based on the principle of conservation of mass, where the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( C_f \) — Final concentration (various units)
• \( C_i \) — Initial concentration (same units as C_f)
• \( V_i \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V_f \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: The formula shows that the final concentration is proportional to the ratio of initial to final volumes, maintaining the same concentration units throughout.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Dilution calculations are essential in chemistry, biology, medicine, and various laboratory settings for preparing solutions of desired concentrations from stock solutions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter initial concentration (any consistent units), initial volume in liters, and final volume in liters. All values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different volume units?
A: Yes, as long as both Vi and Vf use the same units (mL, L, etc.), the calculation will work correctly.

Q2: What concentration units should I use?
A: Any concentration units can be used (M, mM, %, g/L, etc.) as long as Ci and Cf use the same units.

Q3: What if I need to find a different variable?
A: The formula can be rearranged to solve for any variable: Ci = Cf × (Vf/Vi), Vi = (Cf × Vf)/Ci, Vf = (Ci × Vi)/Cf

Q4: Does this work for serial dilutions?
A: For serial dilutions, you need to apply the formula repeatedly for each dilution step.

Q5: Are there any limitations to this formula?
A: This formula assumes ideal mixing and that the solute doesn't react with the solvent during dilution.