1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula \( M_f = M_i \times \frac{V_i}{V_f} \) calculates the final molarity after dilution, where a concentrated solution is mixed with solvent to achieve a desired concentration. This principle is fundamental in chemistry and physiology laboratories.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( M_f \) — Final molarity (mol/L)
• \( M_i \) — Initial molarity (mol/L)
• \( V_i \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V_f \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: The formula demonstrates that the final concentration is proportional to the initial concentration and the dilution factor (\( \frac{V_i}{V_f} \)).

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential for preparing solutions of specific concentrations in laboratory experiments, medical treatments, and pharmaceutical preparations.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter initial molarity in mol/L, initial volume in liters, and final volume in liters. All values must be positive numbers greater than zero.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is the dilution formula important in physiology?
A: In physiology, precise dilutions are crucial for preparing drug solutions, buffer solutions, and various reagents used in experiments and clinical applications.

Q2: Can this formula be used for any concentration unit?
A: Yes, the formula works for any concentration unit (mol/L, g/L, %, etc.) as long as the same unit is used for both initial and final concentrations.

Q3: What if the final volume is less than the initial volume?
A: The formula assumes dilution, so final volume should be greater than initial volume. If V_f < V_i, this indicates concentration rather than dilution.

Q4: How accurate are dilution calculations?
A: The mathematical calculation is exact, but practical accuracy depends on precise measurement of volumes and proper mixing techniques.

Q5: Are there limitations to this formula?
A: The formula assumes ideal mixing and that the solute doesn't undergo any chemical changes during dilution. It may not account for volume changes due to molecular interactions.