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Serial Dilution Formula:
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Serial dilution is a stepwise dilution of a substance in solution. The final concentration is calculated by dividing the initial concentration by the product of all individual dilution factors in the series.
The calculator uses the serial dilution formula:
Where:
Explanation: Each dilution step reduces the concentration by its dilution factor. The overall effect is multiplicative.
Details: Serial dilution is essential in microbiology, biochemistry, and analytical chemistry for preparing samples of precise concentrations, creating standard curves, and determining unknown concentrations.
Tips: Enter initial concentration in appropriate units. Enter dilution factors as comma-separated values (e.g., "2,5,10" for three dilution steps). All dilution factors must be greater than 0.
Q1: What units should I use for concentration?
A: The calculator works with any concentration units (mg/mL, M, %, etc.) as long as you're consistent. The result will be in the same units as your initial concentration.
Q2: How do dilution factors work?
A: A dilution factor of 2 means the concentration is halved. Factor of 10 means it's reduced to one-tenth. Multiple factors are multiplied together.
Q3: Can I use decimal dilution factors?
A: Yes, the calculator accepts decimal values. For example, 1.5 would represent a 1:1.5 dilution.
Q4: What's the difference between dilution factor and dilution ratio?
A: Dilution factor is the reciprocal of the dilution ratio. A 1:10 dilution has a dilution factor of 10.
Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically exact. Actual accuracy depends on the precision of your measurements and technique during the dilution process.