Sigma Dilution Calculator

Sigma Dilution Formula:

\[ V_{stock} = \frac{C_{final} \times V_{final}}{C_{stock}} \]

Stock Volume (V_stock):

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1. What is the Sigma Dilution Formula?

The Sigma dilution formula calculates the volume of stock solution needed to prepare a desired concentration and volume of diluted solution. It's a fundamental calculation in chemistry and laboratory work for preparing precise dilutions.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Sigma dilution formula:

\[ V_{stock} = \frac{C_{final} \times V_{final}}{C_{stock}} \]

Where:

\( V_{stock} \) — Stock volume (mL)
\( C_{final} \) — Final concentration (M)
\( V_{final} \) — Final volume (mL)
\( C_{stock} \) — Stock concentration (M)

Explanation: The formula calculates the required volume of concentrated stock solution needed to achieve a specific concentration in a given final volume.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential for preparing solutions with precise concentrations in laboratory experiments, pharmaceutical preparations, and various scientific applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter final concentration in M, final volume in mL, and stock concentration in M. All values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the required stock volume in mL.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What if my concentrations are in different units?
A: Ensure all concentration values use the same units (M, mM, μM, etc.) before calculation, or convert them to consistent units.

Q2: Can this formula be used for serial dilutions?
A: Yes, the same formula applies to each step in a serial dilution series, though the stock concentration changes for each subsequent dilution.

Q3: What's the maximum accuracy of this calculation?
A: The calculation is mathematically precise. Accuracy depends on the precision of your measurements and the quality of your laboratory equipment.

Q4: Are there any limitations to this formula?
A: The formula assumes ideal mixing behavior and doesn't account for volume changes due to mixing different solutions (though these are usually negligible for aqueous solutions).

Q5: How do I prepare the final solution after calculating V_stock?
A: Measure the calculated V_stock volume of stock solution and dilute it with solvent to reach the final volume V_final.