1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula calculates the final molarity of a solution after dilution. It is based on the principle that the number of moles of solute remains constant before and after dilution, expressed as \( M_f = \frac{M_i \times V_i}{V_f} \).

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution formula:

Where:

• \( M_f \) — Final molarity (M)
• \( M_i \) — Initial molarity (M)
• \( V_i \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( V_f \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: The formula maintains conservation of moles, where the product of initial concentration and volume equals the product of final concentration and volume.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential in chemistry laboratories for preparing solutions of desired concentrations, ensuring experimental accuracy, and proper reagent preparation.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter initial molarity in M, initial volume in L, and final volume in L. All values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the final molarity after dilution.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different volume units?
A: Yes, as long as both volume units are the same (e.g., both in liters or both in milliliters), the units will cancel out in the calculation.

Q2: What if the final volume is less than initial volume?
A: This would represent concentration rather than dilution, but the formula still applies mathematically. However, physically this typically requires evaporation rather than dilution.

Q3: Does temperature affect the calculation?
A: The formula assumes constant temperature where volume measurements are accurate. For precise work, temperature corrections may be needed.

Q4: Can this formula be used for serial dilutions?
A: Yes, but each dilution step must be calculated separately, using the result from one step as the initial concentration for the next.

Q5: What are common sources of error in dilution calculations?
A: Measurement inaccuracies, improper mixing, temperature variations, and evaporation during handling can all affect the accuracy of dilution results.