1. What is Sulphuric Acid Dilution Heat?

Sulphuric acid dilution heat refers to the thermal energy released when concentrated sulphuric acid is diluted with water. This exothermic process requires careful handling due to the significant heat generation.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution heat equation:

Where:

• \( Q \) — Heat released (Joules)
• \( m \) — Mass of acid (kg)
• \( \Delta H_{dil} \) — Heat of dilution (J/kg)

Explanation: The equation calculates the total heat energy released based on the mass of acid being diluted and its specific heat of dilution value.

3. Importance of Heat Calculation

Details: Accurate heat calculation is crucial for safety planning, temperature control, and preventing thermal runaway reactions during sulphuric acid dilution processes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the mass of sulphuric acid in kilograms and the heat of dilution value in Joules per kilogram. Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Why is sulphuric acid dilution exothermic?
A: The dilution process involves breaking and forming chemical bonds, particularly the hydration of H₂SO₄ molecules, which releases significant thermal energy.

Q2: What are typical ΔH_dil values for sulphuric acid?
A: Values vary with concentration but typically range from 600-900 kJ/kg for commercial concentrated sulphuric acid (96-98%).

Q3: What safety precautions are needed?
A: Always add acid to water slowly while stirring, use appropriate PPE, and have cooling measures in place to control temperature rise.

Q4: Can this calculator be used for other acids?
A: While the formula is general, ΔH_dil values are specific to each acid and concentration. Use appropriate values for accurate calculations.

Q5: How does concentration affect heat release?
A: Higher initial concentrations generally produce more heat per unit mass during dilution due to greater hydration energy release.